Wednesday, September 17, 2014

Domestic, Psychological, or Radical Critique: Understanding Radcliffe’s Motives


As one finishes a novel, the emotions the ending pages inflict upon the reader are important to analyze in order to realize what the author was trying to achieve. Nevertheless, these emotions only constitute the surface, for they don’t quite give us insight on the purpose of the novel as a whole. Elizabeth A. Fay delves deep into this question in A Feminist Introduction to Romanticism dividing the Gothic novels into three main categories: the domestic (or external), the psychological (or internal), and a combination of both known as radical critique Gothic. Fay goes on to classify Ann Radcliffe’s A Sicilian Romance as domestic, for according to Fay, Radcliffe sets her focus on the tyrannical rule which is imposed upon most of the characters by the Marquis or other male figures, leaving the psychological drives of her characters out of the matter.


In a manner, I believe that Fay is correct on marking Radcliffe’s novel as domestic; however, it’s important to understand why she does so. It’s true that the patriarchal system from which Julia wishes to escape from is a predominant theme, and is a common focus of criticism throughout Gothic novels. Yet one can’t overlook the importance of the main heroine in this novel, for Julia, despite following all of the standards a woman at the time was held up to in her mannerisms and character, she still decided to break away from what society was demanding of her. In other words, she was the perfect role model, complacent with her place and position in life, yet she still chose love over her place in society. This showed that one didn't have to be of a rebellious disposition from the start in order to defy the patriarchal system. Fay goes on to confirm how Radcliffe challenges this patriarchal system stating, “Radcliffe ultimately defied the position women held in society, for her heroine’s most often would purify their homes by remaining pure themselves… and ended up owning several homes.”

Yet, it’s for this reason, the natural grace and properness of Julia that the novel fails to be a psychological Gothic. She has trouble deciding whether she should run away with Hippolitus for the social implications this would have on them (If she fled with Hippolitus, she would avoid one evil, and encounter another. She would escape the dreadful destiny awaiting her, but must, perhaps, sully the purity of that reputation, which was dearer to her than existence. p. 62). Unlike other heroines, such as Austen’s Jane Eyre who actively defies society and thinks in a much more progressive manner, Julia remains tied to these social constraints and only breaks away from them when urged by others.



However, A Sicilian Romance doesn't seem to be void of a psychological development within the characters, for there seems to be a certain defiance in the way they think against their society. Such is the case of Ferdinand, who despite being brought up by his father, resists his power and sides immediately with Julia’s cause. The Marchioness is also an important figure who challenges the classic feminine model, for she thinks on her own accord, not constricting herself to what social norm dictates. 



Discussion Questions:
1. If viewing A Sicilian Romance as a Domestic Gothic, then what exactly was Radcliffe denouncing? Was it simply Patriarchy or was there more?
2. Does Julia show any power over the patriarchal system she lives in? Does she truly defy the feminine role at the time?
3.  Do you think Julia would have attempted to escape both times on her own accord?

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